Pharyngitis is a sore, scratchy throat that may make swallowing uncomfortable. This common condition is an inflammation of the pharynx or back of the throat, and it’s usually a symptom of an underlying infection. While most cases are mild and resolve on their own, some forms of pharyngitis require a trip to the doctor.
What Is Pharyngitis?
Pharyngitis is the medical term for a sore throat and is not a disease itself but a symptom of something else. The inflammation can make your throat feel dry, painful or raw, especially when swallowing or speaking.
Pharyngitis can affect anyone, but it’s especially common in children and people with weakened immune systems.
Common Causes of Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis has several potential causes, and identifying the right one helps determine the best treatment. Viral and bacterial infections are the most common cause and it often occurs alongside other cold or flu symptoms.
Other causes include:
- Allergies: Pollen, pet dander or mold can irritate the throat
- Dry air: Especially common in the winter, dry indoor air can dry out the throat lining
- Irritants: Smoke, pollution or chemical fumes can inflame the throat
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Stomach acid rising into the throat can cause chronic irritation
Symptoms to Look For
Pharyngitis usually develops quickly and may be accompanied by other symptoms, depending on the cause.
Common symptoms include:
- Sore throat or scratchiness
- Pain when swallowing
- Red or swollen throat
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Fever or chills
- Headache or fatigue
- White patches on the tonsils
If symptoms are accompanied by a rash, severe headache or difficulty breathing, see a doctor.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and can be different for viral and bacterial infections.
For viral pharyngitis:
- Rest and hydration
- Warm salt water gargles
- Throat lozenges or sprays
- Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
- Humidifiers to moisten dry air
For bacterial pharyngitis:
- Antibiotics, as prescribed by a doctor
- Same supportive care measures used for viral cases
For allergy or irritant-related pharyngitis:
- Avoiding triggers
- Using antihistamines or allergy medications
- Managing indoor air quality with filters or humidifiers
When to See a Doctor
Most sore throats improve within a few days, but there are times when medical evaluation is necessary.
You should see a doctor if:
- Your sore throat lasts more than a week
- You have a high fever of over 101°F
- Swallowing becomes very painful or difficult
- You notice white spots or pus in your throat
- Your voice has been hoarse for more than 10 days
- You have frequent or recurring sore throats
A prompt diagnosis can ensure appropriate treatment and prevent complications, especially in bacterial infections like strep.
To protect your ENT health and learn more about the causes of a sore throat, schedule an appointment with ENT & Allergy Specialists – Ear Nose and Throat Physicians and Surgeons today.